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lecture 1

單詞:

 

動(dòng)詞:

1.

(1) abandon  丟棄、放棄、拋棄

考點(diǎn):

abandon oneself to 沉溺于,陷于

after the failure of the examination, he abandoned himself to alcohol.

(2) desert 離棄、離開

the price rise caused many readers to desert the magazine.

辨析:

abandon 指因無能為力、心理厭倦或情緒沮喪而放棄、拋棄,含有永遠(yuǎn)和徹底的意思。如放棄某種政策、取消計(jì)劃、丟棄船只。

desert 指違背法律、道義、信仰、義務(wù)等舍棄崗位和職責(zé)該詞為貶義詞,所構(gòu)成的行為通常受到鄙視和譴責(zé)。

如:

we had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way.

he deserted her for another woman..

 

2.

(1) persist  堅(jiān)持

考點(diǎn):

1persist 表示堅(jiān)持要求的時(shí)候,后面的從句用虛擬語氣(should) do

she persisted that she walk there.

2persist in (doing) sth

he persisted in making things hard for me.

 

(2) insist  堅(jiān)持

考點(diǎn):

1)insist表示堅(jiān)決要求的時(shí)候,后面的從句用虛擬語氣(shoulddo

i insist that you take immediate action to put this right.

2) insist on/upon (doing) sth

she kept insisting on her innocence.

she will insist on washing her hair just when i want to have a bath.

 

(3) stick堅(jiān)持,粘貼

考點(diǎn):

1)stick to

stick to the point/opinion/ facts 堅(jiān)持立場/觀點(diǎn)/事實(shí)

2) stick at 堅(jiān)持做某事

if we stick at it, we should finish the job today.

辨析:

persist 指不顧反對(duì)、不聽勸告堅(jiān)持不懈做某事。可以是好事,也可以是壞事。

insist 常用于堅(jiān)持意見、看法及主張。

stick to連用表示堅(jiān)持某種立場、觀點(diǎn),和at連用表示堅(jiān)持做某事。

 

(4) proceed 繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持

考點(diǎn):

1) proceed to do sth

sammy took off his coat and proceed to undo his boots.

2) proceed to/with sth

i decide to proceed to the next part of the job.

 

(5) keep 堅(jiān)持,保持

考點(diǎn):

1keep on doing sth

although it is dark, they keep on working.

2) keep (oneself) from doing sth

the play was so boring, i could hardly keep myself from falling asleep.

3) keep away from

keep the medicine away from children.

 

真題:

1he _____ working till he was seventy years old. (1993) (b)

a. kept up b. kept on c. kept to d. kept out

keep up 支持,維持,keep on 持續(xù)做某事 keep on doing sth keep to oneself 保守某項(xiàng)秘密,

keep out ---關(guān)在門外,阻止

2i am very sorry for ______ for so long. (2000) (b)

a. keep you waiting b. having kept you waiting. c. waiting for you d. keep you wait

介詞后面要跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語,當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí),要用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)。

 

(6) remain

真題:

how the fire in the dancing hall started ______ a mystery. (2002) (b)

a.     to remain b. remains c. remain d. is remaining

本題測試的是主謂一致,當(dāng)主語是從句的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),

  

語法:時(shí)態(tài)ⅰ

 

主動(dòng)

 

一般

進(jìn)行

完成

完成進(jìn)行

現(xiàn)在

am, is, are

work/works

am/is/are working

has/have worked

has/have been working

過去

was, were

worked

was/were working

had worked

had been working

將來

shall/will work

shall/will be working

shall/will have worked

shall/will have been working

過去將來

should/would work

should/would be working

should/would have worked

should/would have been working

 

1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài):常和always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, every week等時(shí)間狀語連用。

he goes to work every day at seven.

2)表示普遍的真理。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實(shí), 所以一般不用時(shí)間狀語。

the earth is round. 

theory comes from practice.

3)在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中,(常用連詞為as soon as, when, till ,if)主句用一般將來時(shí),從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。

真題:

1they will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.1996)(b

   a. have finished    b. finish     c .finished    d. was finishing

2when the mixture ______,  it will give off a powerful force. (1992) (c)

   a. will heat   b. will be heated   c. is heated    d. has heated

3) “when are you going to visit your uncle in chicago?”

  “as soon as _______our work for tomorrow. (2003,11) d

a. we’re complete  b. we’d complete   c. we’ll complete   d. we complete

 

2. 一般過去時(shí):

表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài): 常和過去時(shí)間狀語連用。just now, last year, when i was 8 years old 等。

真題:

1you've already missed too many classes this term .you ____two classes just last week. 1999 a

    a. missed     b. would miss    c. had missed      d. have missed

2) don’t you think it is time you _____smoking? (1999) (b)

  a. give up   b. gave up    c. would give up    d. should give up

it is high time (that )…句型中, 謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)。

 

3. 一般將來時(shí)

(1) will(shall)+原形動(dòng)詞: 表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

he will come and help you.

(2) be going to +動(dòng)詞原形:

are you going to attend the lecture?

(3) be to +動(dòng)詞原形: 表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作。

the third-ring road is to be open to traffic before national day

(4) be about to +動(dòng)詞原形: 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

the lecture is about to begin.

(5) 某些表示開始、終結(jié)、往來行動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如go ,come, start, arrive,leave 等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來。

 1we are leaving for beijing tomorrow.

 2the foreign guests are arriving in jinan tonight.