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（七） 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)

構(gòu)成：will/shall +do 動(dòng)詞原形

1 基本用法：表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)，常和tomorrow明天，next week/month/year 下個(gè)星期 /月/年，in a few days 幾天以后連用

e.g. he’ll come next week.
     we shall know the result結(jié)果 tomorrow.
     i shall go to beijing next year.

否定式：shall/will +not +do
i shall not go to beijing next year.
疑問(wèn)式：shall/will +主語(yǔ)+do
will you go to beijing next year?

2 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)也表示打算做某事

e.g. he is going to buy her some flowers.
     i’m not going to argue 辯論with you tonight.
     it’s going to rain soon

3 be +to do 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 ，往往是已經(jīng)安排好的事情，也可以表示要求做的事情

e.g. she is to be married next month.她定于下月結(jié)婚
     the expedition is to start in a week’s time    探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)將于一周后出發(fā)
     you’re to stay here till we return.返回
     he says that we are to wait till he comes.

4   be about to do 表示將要發(fā)生的事情

e.g. they’re about to start.
i am just about to fall into落入掉進(jìn) a doze 瞌睡when he started up.突然出現(xiàn)

5 be due to do    表示定于----

e.g. they are due to meet 相見(jiàn)again 再次tomorrow.
she is due to graduate 畢業(yè)next summer.
the bridge is due to be completed完成 next month.

(八)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)

構(gòu)成：should/would +do 

1基本用法：表示在過(guò)去將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。如果出現(xiàn)在從句中，主句往往用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)）。
e.g. he said that he would come back the next day.
     you knew i would come.
否定式：should /would +not +do 
疑問(wèn)式： should/would +主語(yǔ)+ do
 
be going to do
am/is going to do --------------was going to do
are going to do ----------------were going to do
be to +do
am/is to do ----------------------was to do
are to do ------------------------were to do
be about to do
am/is about to do ----------------was about to do
are about to do --------------------were about to do
be due to do
am/is due to do ----------------was due to do
are due to do --------------------were due to do
 
 
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for the rest of the month, an epidemic (流行病) will sweep 席卷across 橫穿the us. it will keep 使得kids孩子 home 回家from school. college students will ignore 忽視piles of 一大批homework作用. employees 員工will suddenly突然地 lose失去their abilities能力 to concentrate.全神貫注

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：will/shall +be+doing 
將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
e.g.   i’ll be waiting for you outside.在外面

過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)： should/would +be +doing 
過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
e.g. he said he would be watching tv that night.

將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)：shall/will +have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞
過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)：should /would +have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)：語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。
eg. i beat you . (我打你)    you are beaten by me. (你被我打了)
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不能夠自己發(fā)出的動(dòng)作時(shí)，就要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、構(gòu)成：   be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞（vt）       翻譯成： 被---    受到---    遭到---

2、主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

第一步：找到主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)；
第二步：謂語(yǔ)變成 be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞;
第三步: 介詞 by+主語(yǔ)

eg: ① 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： a  young  lady    runs    the  supermarket.
                  主語(yǔ)          謂語(yǔ)         賓語(yǔ)
                        
   被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：the supermarket     is  run by     a  young  lady.
② 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： we   built   that  house   in  1981.
              主語(yǔ)  謂語(yǔ)      賓語(yǔ)       狀語(yǔ)
    被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變換分步：that  house         
                          ①
                      that  house   was  built
                                     ②
                      that  house  was  built  by  us  in 1981.
                                                ③

3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種形式：

   be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 （be 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化）
 
一般時(shí)態(tài)
進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
完成時(shí)態(tài)
現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
is   
am     worked
are
is
am      being worked
are
has
       been worked
have
過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)
was
        worked  
were
was
         being worked
were
 
 
had been worked
 
將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)
 
shall
       be workd
will
 
①     be worked
②     has/have been worked 
③     shall/will have been worked
 
將來(lái)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)
 
should
        be worked
would
 
should
          have been worked
would


先變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，然后變各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)
①     否定式：找第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，后面+not；
②     疑問(wèn)式：找第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，然后提前；
③     如帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：can / could、 may / might、must+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
eg : this must be done as soon as possible.
④     被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞往往是及物動(dòng)詞，如果是不及物動(dòng)詞往往需要與介詞結(jié)合在一起，構(gòu)成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞詞組，不能去掉。
eg : we are looking  into   the case.
               不及物動(dòng)詞詞組
         the case is being looked into by us.


⑤     主+謂+從句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
eg : they reported that he had resigned (辭職)
                    it作為形式主語(yǔ)
 it was reported that he had resigned.