動名詞：動詞 + ing形式，沒有人稱和數的變化，但是有時態、語態的變化。
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主動語態
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被動語態
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一般式
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working
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being worked
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完成式
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having worked
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having been worked
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動名詞具有名詞的特性，可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語。
1、作主語：
⑴ finding work is difficult 困難的these days.
travelling abroad 國外旅行can be very exciting.令人興奮的
⑵ it 作形式主語的句子。
① it’s no use / no good / fun 等名詞+doing
it’s no use crying.
② it’s + adj + doing (useless、nice、good、interesting)
it’s so nice sitting here with you.
it’s nice seeing you again.
2、作表語：用在系動詞后
her hobby愛好 is painting.繪畫
his favorite最喜歡的 sport 運動is skiing.滑雪
動名詞作表語是與進行時態中的現在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結構不同。
her job was washing clothes. ------動名詞
she was washing clothes. -------現在分詞
① be 動詞意義不同：動名詞的be 動詞譯為“是”；系動詞現在分詞前的be沒有意義是助動詞，用來構成一種時態。
② ing意義不同：動名詞說明主語的性質、狀態、特征等；現在分詞則表示主動發出的動作。
③ 主語、表語可互換就是動名詞。
washing clothes was her job. her job was washing clothes.
3、作賓語：動詞或者介詞后面
i suggested bringing the meeting to an end.
he didn’t recall 回憶saying it.
⑴ 常用動名詞作賓語的動詞有：
admit承認、avoid避免、consider考慮、deny否認、enjoy喜歡、finish完成、keep保持、mind介意、postpone延期、recall回憶、require需要、suggest建議、stop停止、give up 放棄、insist on 堅持
⑵ 既可接doing，也可接 to do.
attempt企圖、begin考試、continue繼續、forget忘記、hate憎恨、help幫助、learn學會、like喜歡、love熱愛、prefer更喜歡、mean意味、need需要、regret后悔、remember記得、propose建議、start開始、stop停止、try努力嘗試、want想要
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try doing sth 試著做某事
try to do sth 企圖、試圖做某事
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reget doing sth 懊悔做過某事
reget to do sth 遺憾地做某事
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remember doing sth 記得做過某事
remember to do sth 記住要去做某事
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forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
forget to do sth 忘記要去做的某事
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quit / stop doing sth 停止做某事
quit /stop to do sth 停下來去做某事
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propose doing sth 建議做某事
propose to do sth 打算做某事
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want、need兩者都可以接，但接動名詞往往有被動的含義
your hair 頭發wants cutting. 修理
the pants 褲子need pressing.熨燙
⑶ 也可以做介詞的賓語
she insisted on 堅持writing at once.立刻
he never complained 抱怨about working overtime.超時
⑷ be + adj + prep.(介詞) + doing
i was afraid of 恐怕making them uneasy.心神不安的
he was excited at hearing the news.
4、作定語：動名詞+名詞
everybody was at his fighting post.戰斗崗位
they set up建立設立an operating table in a small temple.寺廟
其中： an operating table = a table for operating
a fighting post = a post for fighting.
5、動名詞的復合結構：動名詞可以和名詞屬格、物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格構成復合結構，這種復合結構是動名詞的邏輯主語。
i can’t bear忍受 his staying up 熬夜so late.
mary’s having seen them did not surprise驚奇 us.
you say nothing about us calling.呼叫