七、it的用法

　　2.作句子的形式主語，代替不定式、動名詞或從句。

　　It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise.

　　It cost me five yuan to buy the pen.

　　The color TV set costs me more than 2，000 yuan.

　　I spent ten hours in finishing the work.

　　I spent twenty yuan on the shirt.

　　It is no use crying now. You'd better study hard now.（it is no use doing sth. ）

　　To his surprise， it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination.（to one's surprise 使某人感到驚奇）

　　It's a pity that you didn't watch the match.

　　It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.

　　3.作句子的形式賓語，代替不定式、動名詞或從句。

　　They all regard it their duty to help the poor people.

　　I don't think it worthwhile taking so much trouble.（It's worthwhile doing. 做……事是值得的）

　　We find it difficult to learn English without practicing.

　　I don't think it very important that we should take part in the discussion.（take part in 參加）

　　4.構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型。當強調(diào)的部分是主語，并且主語是人時，句型中的that 也可以換作who.

　　強調(diào)句基本構(gòu)成 it is that…

　　It is in the room that we met each other for the first time.

　　It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games.（not until 直到……才）

　　It was they who attended the meeting last week.

　　It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it.

　　考試重點

　　that和those有時分別用來代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復數(shù)，以避免重復。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來代替。that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。

　　不定代詞中，both 放在實意動詞前，系動詞be 的后面。every只能跟名詞，each可以跟名詞也可以不跟名詞。every在代詞部分要出現(xiàn)當每隔……講。

　　few， a few， many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few， little表示否定。

　　one the other，some others，the others

　　it用法重點就是強調(diào)句。it作為形式賓語時不接is.

　　代詞部分的難點之一是名詞型物主代詞與形容詞型物主代詞的區(qū)別。顧名思義，形容詞型物主代詞起的是形容詞的作用，在句子中只能作定語，名詞型物主代詞起的是名詞的作用，代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞，在句子中一般作主語、賓語、表語等。

　　Let's clean their room first and ______ later.

　　A. our      B. us        C. we          D. ours

　　（答案為D，ours 相當于our room.）

　　代詞部分的主要考核點是不定代詞。如some， any， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， one， none， all， both， either， neither， each， every， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every 與body， one， thing 構(gòu)成的合成代詞。

　　（1）泛指與特指。如：another， other， others 是泛指，the other， the others是特指。

　　（2）肯定與否定。如：a few， a little， either， some 及其合成代詞表示肯定，few， little， none， neither， any 及其合成代詞表示否定。

　　（3）可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。如：few， a few， many， one 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。

　　代詞部分的另一個考核點是it.

　　it 可以代替上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)事物。

　　The picture was changed while drawn from memory as it passed through the class. （it 指代the picture.）

　　it takes sb. some time to do sth. 花費某人多長時間做某事

　　It takes half an hour or so to walk to the bus stop.

　　He made it plain that he was annoyed with me.

　　it 還可以構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型，即“It is / was +被強調(diào)的部分+ that …”。當強調(diào)的部分是人，并且是主語時，that可以換成who.強調(diào)句去掉it is / was 與that即成為普通的句子。

　　It was last night that I saw you in the restaurant.

　　It was she who / that suggested that he go to New York in order to get a direct flight.

　　典型例題

　　2. “Is this bike yours？”

　　“No， it's ______.”

　　A. Bob        B. Bobs        C. Bob's         D. Bobs'

　　答案 C

　　6. Nowadays _____ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls. That is why many companies have developed special foods to help people to slim（苗條）。

　　A. everyone    B. anybody     C. somebody     D. no one

　　anybody在疑問句和否定句中指沒有人，在肯定句中指任何人。

　　答案 D

　　7. You have to hurry up if you want to buy eggs because there's hardly _____ left.

　　A. anything     B. something    C. nothing     D. everything

　　hardly 否定詞，幾乎不的意思。

　　答案 A

　　9. She promised her parents to write _______ while she was away.

　　A. other day     B. another day    C. every other day  D. any other day

　　every other 每隔……

　　答案 C

　　10. It was terrible. One passenger was killed， and _____ was badly hurt.

　　A. the others      B. rest      C. the rest       D. the other

　　he others后面謂語動詞接復數(shù)。

　　答案 D

　　12. If anyone happens to call while I am out of the office， please have ________ leave a message for me .

　　A. he         B. him         C. they           D. them

　　have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事

　　答案 B

　　13. The first thing that my brother and _______ did in the early morning was to go out to see the pony.

　　A. I          B. me          C. mine         D. my

　　pony 小馬

　　主語 first thing，謂語動詞 was to go out to see，賓語 the pony.

　　答案 A

　　15. There are two windows in this bedroom. _______ of them face south， overlooking a beautiful park.

　　A. Both        B. One         C. The two     D. Either

　　either 開頭謂語動詞要接單數(shù)，both謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

　　答案 A

　　17. “Why are you smiling？”

　　“Oh， I've just thought of _________.”

　　A. funny something            B. something funny

　　C. nothing funny               D. funny anything

　　形容詞修飾不定代詞要放在不定代詞的后面。

　　不定代詞：something，anything，somebody，anybody，nothing，nobody.

　　答案 B

　　18. Young babies can use _________ hand equally well.

　　A. either     B. each       C. both         D. every

　　強調(diào)兩者之中任何一個

　　答案 A

　　19. _______ road out of town is good， but this one is better than the other.

　　A. Both      B. All       C. None        D. Neither

　　答案 D

　　21. It was at the music hall _______ we met each other for the first time.

　　A. when     B. where       C. which     D. that

　　強調(diào)句

　　答案 D

　　22. Modern technology has made ______ possible for the whole world to be closer than ever before.

　　A. this       B. that    C. it          D it's

　　it is possible ……是可能的

　　答案 C

　　23. It is during his spare time _______ John has been studying a course in French.

　　A. when      B. that       C. which        D. what

　　it is…… 強調(diào)句

　　答案 B

　　24. “Have you heard the news about Tom？”

　　“No， what _______ ？”

　　A. was it       B. were they      C. are they       D. is it

　　news 當消息講是不可數(shù)名詞

　　答案 D

　　support oneself 養(yǎng)活自己

　　27. In _____ own way， mathematics can be as creative and exciting as poetry.

　　A. it       B. its         C. their         D. theirs

　　mathematics 數(shù)學（單數(shù)）

　　答案 B

　　28. Neighbors ought to respect _______ .

　　A. themselves      B. one another    C. each one       D. to each other

　　答案 B

　　29. This furniture is different from _______ .

　　A. ones       B. your         C. that one        D. that

　　furniture是不可數(shù)名詞，

　　答案 D

　　hike 徒步旅行，overnight campinng在野外露營

　　31. “May I help you with some shoes， sir？”

　　“Yes， I'd like to try on those brown _______ .”

　　A. one       B. ones        C. two        D. pair

　　shoes是復數(shù)，對應ones

　　try on 試穿

　　答案 B

　　32. “Do you like the book Sidney gave you？”

　　“Very much. It's exactly _______ I wanted.”

　　A. one which    B. the one       C. one that      D. one what

　　下文提到上文提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，用the one

　　答案 B

　　36. People have proved _________ to be true that the heat we get from coal and oil comes from the sun.

　　A. that        B. it          C. this          D. /

　　it 是形式賓語，that從句是真正的賓語。

　　答案 B

　　37. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

　　A. it      B. that          C. this          D. those

　　答案 A

　　38. “Were all three people in the car injured in the accident？”

　　“No， ______ only the two passengers who got hurt.”

　　A. it was      B. there is       C. it were        D. there was

　　強調(diào)句

　　答案 A

　　39. __________ he realized it was too late to return home.

　　A. No sooner it grew dark than     B. Hardly it grew dark when

　　C. It was not until dark that        D. Scarcely it grew dark when

　　no sonner than=as soon as 一……就……

　　scarcely when=as soon as

　　hardly when=as soon as

　　答案 C

　　40. It was not until she arrived in class ________ realized she had forgotten her book.

　　A. and        B. when she       C. she         D. that she

　　not until 直到……才

　　答案 D

　　43. It was _______ he got a map that he started on his away.

　　A. until      B. till            C. not until       D. not till

　　until 直到

　　till 直到

　　not until 直到……才

　　答案 C

（責任編輯：中大編輯）