成人英語三級考試詞匯與語法考前輔導

及物動詞

在《及物動詞不需要介詞》一文中，談到及物動詞不需要通過介詞引進賓語。但是，當及物動詞有兩個賓語時，有些無須介詞，有些則需要。

兩個賓路都無須介詞的動詞包括下列這些：

① Please show me the letter.

② Can you buy me a meal?

③ I will give you the latest newsletter.

④ John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.

在①-④這樣的句子里，有個直接賓語，也有個間接賓語。前者一定是“物”、后者一定是“人”。它們之間不需要介詞作橋梁。另一些雙賓語的動詞，就需要介詞的幫助了。關于這點，可以分四方面來談。

Ⅰ.兩個賓語可通過不同介詞對換位置，如：

①a. The boss entrusted him with the job.

b. The boss entrusted the job to him.

②a. He tried to impress the new idea on us.

b. He tried to impress us with the new idea.

③a. A general should inspire his soldiers with great courage.

b. A general should inspire great courage in his soldiers.

Ⅱ.不同介詞，不同意思，如：

④a. Who introduced John to you?

b. Who introduced John into the new office?

⑤a. We warned him of the hazard.

b. We warned him against the hazard.

(a. 指存在的危險;b. 指可能的危險)

⑥a. When compared with each other, there are differences between the twins.

b. We may compare the heart to a pump.

(a. 指同類人或物對比;b.指兩樣不同東西互相比擬)

⑦a. Helen was disappointed of the prize.

b. Helen was disappointed in the prize.

(a. 指沒得獎而失望;b. 指對所得的獎不滿而失望)

⑧a. The cake is allied to the flour.

b. Is Taiwan allied with America?

(a.指兩樣東西有關聯;b. 指兩個國家有聯盟關系)

Ⅲ.兩個賓語與介詞各就各位，固定不變，如：

⑨ The police cautioned the tourists of the danger ahead.(警惕) ⑩ Can a doctor cure June of her chronic illness?(醫治)

● The company has to compensate its staff for their losses.(彌補)

● No one can deprive a citizen of his human right.(剝奪)

Ⅳ.以返身代詞為賓語的慣用語，如：　　　● I hope you will avail yourself of the golden opportunity. (利用)

● My friends often pride themselves on their rare achievements.(以……自豪)

● Jill knows how to insinuate herself into her boss's favour.(向……獻媚取寵)

● We look down on those ingratiating themselves with their superiors.(討好……)

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