V. Translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

No one has ever arrived at a definition of art that is entirely satisfactory. Over the centuries art has been considered to be imitation and expression. (71) Traditionally the word art has referred to skill in the making of something--whether a poem or a shoe--and the artist is one who makes it.

(72) What the artist makes is considered in some respect imitative of the natural world. A painting may mirror some small portion of nature. A statue may imitate a person or animal. A building imitates the shelter offered by a cave. A shoe both imitates and protects the foot. (73) It was only in the 19th century that art came to be looked upon as expression; that is, it expresses the feelings, ideas, and notions of the artist as well as the skill involved.

It seems fair to conclude that art is a combination of both imitation and expression; artists imitate life in their work, and they also make a statement about some aspect or quality of life. Herman Melville’s novel “Moby Dick” is strongly imitative in its accurate description of 19th century. It is also singularly expressive, in its vivid portrayal of Captain Ahab’s obsession with the great white whale, of an interpretation of life.

(74) Critics, in their work, must be aware of their own definitions of art and of the movements and styles in the medium being appraised. (75) They must also understand specific techniques because much of their work is a matter of comparison and contrast. They describe and interpret a single work of art, and they analyze the excellence in that work by comparing it to others of the same kind.

71. _____________________________________________________________

72. _____________________________________________________________

73. _____________________________________________________________

74. _____________________________________________________________

75. _____________________________________________________________

答案：

71. 傳統上，藝術一詞指的是做成某事的技巧―不管是詩歌還是鞋子―而藝術家則是做成此事的人

72. 藝術家所做成的東西在某些方面被看作是模仿自然世界

73. 只有到了19世紀，藝術才慢慢的被看作是表現手法，也就是說他表達了藝術家的情感、思想、觀念以及所用的技巧

74. 評論家在他們自己的作品中必須注意他們自己對藝術的定義并且注意正在被評論的藝術材料的動態效果和風格

75. 他們還必須懂得具體的技巧，因為他們的許多工作是進行比較和對照

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