成人英語三級考試詞匯與語法考前輔導

及物動詞+介詞+賓語

在英語錯誤中，“及物動詞+介詞+賓語”(transitive verb+preposition+object)，是常見的一種。所謂及物動詞，就是謂語動詞(predicative verb)，不必通過介詞引薦賓語。相反的，不及物動詞(intransitive verb)是不帶賓語的。有許多動詞，雖然性質是及物的，但不一定要有賓語，如下列的①a和②a便是這種情形：

①a. We study every day.

b. Do you study English every day.

②a. Please write clearly next time.

b. Can you write your composition now?

如果本質上就是不及物動詞，就不會有賓語;若要賓語，就要借介詞之助，一起連用才行，如③b和④b;③a和④a是錯的;

*③a. The children are listening the music.

b. The children are listening to the music.

*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.

b. She is laughing at the crippled man.

反之，及物動詞不必靠介詞，就可以帶賓語，如上述的①b和②b ，又如⑤和⑥：

⑤ John is giving a book to me.

⑥ Who will answer this question?

如果無意中把介詞加上，就錯了，如：

*⑦ Who will answer to this question?

下列這句從房地產廣告中看到的句子，也犯了同樣的錯：

“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”

“Awaiting”是個及物動詞，后面的介詞“for”是多余的，要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改為“waiting for”也行。

許多人習慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動詞后面，然后才帶出賓語。最常見的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”，如：

⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.

⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.

⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.

顯然的，這三句里的介詞“on/upon”和“about”是多余的，不必要的。

下面是些類似的錯誤：

● The young must obey to their elders.

● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.

● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.

● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.

● Do you hope to serve for your nation?

● When did Susan marry with Paul?

介詞“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才對。

為什么會有這些錯誤呢?主因是分不清楚及物動詞和不及物動詞的性質。其次，就是對同一個動詞及其名詞的句型有些混淆。解決之道有二。

第一，要把“及物動詞+賓語”和“不及物動詞+介詞+賓語”劃分清楚，如：

I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.

He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.

第二，把及物動詞轉化為名詞，然后加上適當的介詞和賓語，如：

Don't approach such a person.

Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?

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（責任編輯：中大編輯）

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