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The National Trust

The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public1. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.

The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenthcentury house to the Trust together with the 4500acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's"Country House Scheme".Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quarters of amillion people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.

In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills3, nature reserves4, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.

So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.

注釋：

1．It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public.它是個慈善機構，靠公眾中的會員自愿支持它才得以生存。depend on someone for something：在某事上依靠某人。又如：We depend on John for news supplies．在消息來源方面我們依靠約翰。原句中由于depend on的賓語voluntary support from members of the public較長，因此，將for its existence提前。這種現象本文中還有另外兩處。第一句中的for public enjoyment和第二段倒數第二句中的accessible to the public都分別被提前。

2．…the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. ……托管委員會拯救了大約150座這樣的老房子，并使大眾能參觀這些老房子。make something accessible to someone：使某人能接觸（或使用）某物。又如：The school has decided to make sports facilities more readily accessible to students．學校決定讓學生能更方便地使用體育設施。

3．wind and water mills：靠風力和水流驅動的磨坊

4．nature reserves：自然保護區

練習：

1．The National Trust is financed by both personal donations and government allocations.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

2．British people's dependence on the National Trust to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest has been increasing.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

3．Lord Lothian was one of the founders of .the National Trust.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

4．The Trust's"Country House Scheme" provides an easy access for the public to 150 old houses or so.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

5．A　project which is to fortify a 16th century old house but keep its original style will not beapproved by the National Trust.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

6．The public may enter a wood under the protection of the National Trust without paying any money, but they are not allowed to bring in canned food and bev _________.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

7．The National Trust helps promote tourism in Britain.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

答案與題解：

1．B　文章第一段說國家托管委員會盡管從政府那兒得到實際上和道義上的支持，其財政單純依靠私人捐款，而沒有政府撥款。

2．A　第一段第一句話說在英國，國家托管委員會在保護名勝古跡方面扮演著越來越重要的角色。倒數第二段講該委員會管理著面積廣大的各種名勝古跡、自然景觀。最后一段說經過80年的發展，該組織已成為一個重要組織，成為國民生活中必不可少、受人尊敬的一部分。因此我們可以說英國民眾越來越依靠托管委員會來保護風景名勝。

3．C　第二段提到Lord Lothian在死后把一所17世紀的古宅及其周圍4 500英畝的土地贈與托管委員會，但是沒有提到他是該委員會的建立者之一。

4．A　第二段說托管委員會實行的“鄉村房屋計劃”保護了大約150座古宅，并向公眾開放，收取少量的參觀費。因此我們可以說該計劃使公眾可以較為容易地進人大約150座古宅參觀。

5．B　第三段說在托管委員會所管理的自然保護區以及磨坊、農場、村舍、村莊等人文景觀中任何人都不允許以任何方式建造、擴建房屋，破壞原有的環境。所有的房子都保持著原有的16世紀的風貌。因此一個加固一所老房子但仍保持其16世紀風格的計劃是不違背這一精神的，不會被托管委員會否決。

6．C　第三段說托管委員會管理著大面積的海岸線、林地和山丘起伏的鄉村，公眾可以免費進人這些地區，但是不允許破壞寧靜、美麗的環境，不允許獵殺野生動物。但是并沒有提到不允許帶罐裝食品和飲料入內。

7．A　文章最后一段說托管委員會保護風景名勝、歷史景觀不僅造福于英國人民的子孫后代，而且造福于每年到英國旅游的數百萬觀光客。由此我們可以推斷托管委員會的工作促進了英國旅游業的發展。

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