2012年職稱英語理工A真題完形填空為教材新增文章，以下為教材原文：

Solar Power without Solar Cells

A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1 researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.

The researchers found a way to make an "optical 1 ," said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.

Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the 2 of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than 3 expected. 4 these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect.

"This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation," Rand said. "In solar cells, the 5 goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load2. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment3. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power 6."What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of "optical rectification4," says William Fisher, a doctoral student5 in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light's electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling 7 of the positive and negative charges6 in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to 8 in a battery.from m.mining4africa.com

Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the light's magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through7 a 9 that does not 10 electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter8. Sunlight isn't this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said.

"In our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light9 like sunlight is theoretically almost as. 11 in producing charge separation as laser light is," Fisher said.

This new 12 could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in 13 solar power to useable energy. That's equivalent to today's commercial-grade solar cells.

"To manufacture 14 solar cells, you have to do extensive semiconductor processing," Fisher said.（from m.mining4africa.com） "All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for 15 . It's already made in bulk10, and it doesn't require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better."

詞匯：

optical / '?ptik?l / adj.光學的 incoherent /, ink?u’hi?r?nt/ adj.非相干的

capacitive / k?'pæsitiv/ adj. 電容(量)的 semiconductor /,semik?n’d?kt?/ n.半導體

rectification /, rektifi'kei??n/ n.改正，修正 ceramics / si' ræmiks/ n.陶瓷

注釋：

1.University of Michigan：密歇根大學。建校于1817 年，是美國名列前茅的公立大學，擁有優良的師資和頂尖的商學院、法學院、醫學院和工學院。

2. heat load：熱負荷

3. magnetic moment：磁矩

4. optical rectification：光學校正

5. doctoral student：博士生

6. positive and negative charges：正電荷與負電荷

7. shone through：shone是shine的過去式。shine through是“(光)通過”。

8. an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter：每平方厘米一千萬瓦特的強度

9. incoherent light：非相干光

10.It's already made in bulk：它(指玻璃)已大量生產。in bulk 是“大量，成批”。

練習：

1.A microscope B instrument C fiber D battery

2. A modifications B effects C applications D results

3. A frequently B privately C previously D formally

4.A Under B At C On D Over

5.A light B electricity C chemical D magnetism

6.A plant B equipment C source D line

7.A down B up C together D apart

8. A this B that C those D it

9. A material B lens C meter D detector

10.A produce B convey C use D conduct

11.A remote B poor C effective D rare

12.A prototype B skill C technique D miracle

13.A converting B obtaining C delivering D transmitting

14.A compact B modern C durable D handy

15. A others B some C all D both

答案與題解：

1.D第一段說密歇根大學發現，光所產生的巨大磁效應有望用于太陽能發電，從而取代傳統的半導體太陽能電池。因此本題的正確選項應該是battery。optical battery是“光電池”。

optical microscope (光學顯微鏡)、optical instrument (光學儀器)或optical fiber (光纖)與第一段的意思沒有聯系。

2.B 選擇本題的答案的依據還是要回到第一段。第一段第一句的起始詞語是“A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light"。本篇文章中心議題是用magnetic effect of light開發新型的太陽能電池。而以前的科學家認為magnetic effect of light太微弱，不值得去關注它。因此，本題選effects與上下文的意思很連貫。

3. C 本句的意思是：當光通過一種絕緣材料時，光場產生的磁效應比以前想象的要強一億倍。previously是當然的選擇。其他三個選項填入句子中，意思不合邏輯：frequently(頻繁地)/privately(私下地)/formerly(正式地)expected。

4. A under these circumstances 是固定詞組，意為“在這種情況下”。也可以說in these circumstances ，而at、on或over 都不與circumstances 連用。

5.A通篇文章談的是光產生的磁效應，所以在太陽能電池中，當然是光進入某種材料起作用。答案是選項A。

6. C 密歇根大學的科學家發現太陽光產生強烈的磁效應，再轉換為電，所以磁效應是產生電的源泉(source)。power plant (發電廠)、power equipment (電力設備)或power line (輸電線)與上文的意思接不上。

7.D or 在本句的意思是“即”，后面的詞語是解釋專業術語charge separation (電荷分離)。選apart與pushing構成pushing apart。pushing apart 的意思相當于separation。所以本題的答案是D。

8. B 從上下文判斷，要填人的代詞是替代前面的voltage。根據英語語法，替代單數名詞的代詞要用that ，替代復數名詞的代詞要用those。voltage 是單數，所以that 是答案。

9.A從本句句末的such as glass 判斷，要填入的詞一定是包括glass 的概括詞。因此，只有選項material 符合這個條件。而且第三、四段也都提到光磁場效應是由光通過一個不導電的材料( material )而產生的。

10.D 答案的根據可以在第三段中找到。原句是："What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected.”選項conduct 是答案。

11.C 激光通過特定材料時能產生charge separation 。密歇根大學科學家發現，陽光通過特定材料時也像激光一樣能產生charge separation。如果charge separation 是remote、 poor 或rare，密歇根大學科學家所說的利用光磁場效應開發新型的太陽能電池就不可能成立。所以答案是effective。

12.C 說這種樣機( this prototype )、技巧( this skill )或這一奇跡( this miracle )能降低太陽能的價格，似乎離題太遠。只有用這一技術( this technology )概括上一段的意思才準確。因此本題答案是technology。

13.A 科學家預測，通過改進材料，可使太陽能轉化成可用能源的效率達到10%。本題的答案是converting。而obtaining(得到)、delivering (輸送)和transmitting(發射)與“能量轉換”掛不上號。

14. B 通篇文章沒有談到新型太陽能電池是compact(緊湊小型的)、durable(耐用的)或handy(使用便利的)，所以不會是答案。選modern是合理的，因為密歇根大學科學家研發的不用半導體的太陽能電池是先進的。

15.D 答案是both，指代的是上一句的“to focus the light and a fiber to guide it”這兩點。

譯文：

沒有太陽能電池的太陽能

密歇根大學的研究著們發現，光所產生的巨大磁效應有望用于太陽能發電，從而取代傳統的半導體太陽能電池。

Stephen Rand是電力工程和計算機科學系以及物理和應用物理系的教授，他講道：“研究者們找到了制造光電池的方法”

光具有電磁成分。而以前的科學家認為電磁光太微弱，不值得去關注。Rand和他的同事的發現是，在適當的強度下，當光通過一個不導電的物質，光場產生的磁效應比以前想象的要大一億倍。在這種情況下，光磁效應所釋放的能量堪比強電效應。

“這有可能開發出不用半導體或不用吸入電荷分離的新型太陽能電池，太陽能電池是利用光射入一種材料，吸收和產生熱量。而目前我們期望有一種非常低的熱負荷來取代用磁矩吸收光源，儲存能量。強光可以誘導強磁力，強磁力最終能夠發電”。Rand教授說。“使之成為可能的是，之前有一種探測不到的叫光學矯正的電光”。應用物理學的博士生William Fisher如是說。在傳統的光學矯正中，光電場致使電荷分離或把材料中的正負電荷分開，這就具有像電池一樣的電壓了。

Rand和Fisher發現，如果周圍的環境合適并且材料適合，光磁場也可能產生光學矯正。光必須穿過像玻璃一樣的不導電物質。并且聚集的電量為每平方厘米一千萬瓦。太陽光自己沒有那么強，但是正在尋找的新型材料能夠在低電流狀態下完成工作。

Fisher說：“在我們最近的論文中，我們表明，像太陽這樣的非相干光，理論上能夠像激光一樣產生電荷分離。”

研究者們斷言，這項新技術能使太陽能降低成本，他們預測，一旦使用改進的材料，太陽能可轉換成可用能量，其轉換率可達10%。這等同于當下商用的太陽能電池。

目前要生產太陽能電池，必須要進行大量的半導體的加工，而我們將來所需要的只是聚光的透鏡和導入光線的纖維。玻璃能起到以上雙重的作用。它已被大量生產，而且不大需要太多的加工。如使用透明陶瓷會更好。

(中國職稱英語考試網)

2012年職稱英語理工A真題閱讀理解為教材新增文章

（責任編輯：liushengbao）

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